Sunday, May 24, 2020

Essay Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient - 2406 Words

Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient World War II was a traumatic and life-changing experience for all who lived through the time period. Michael Ondaatje’s novel, The English Patient is set in the direct aftermath of this turbulent and violent era. Each of his characters is effected by the death and violence that go hand in hand with war; Hana in particular is profoundly changed by her experience as a nurse in an Italian hospital. Hana is a woman in ruins, both physically and mentally; by looking at her experiences with death and her relationships to the English Patient, Kip, and her surroundings, she can be seen as a representative of the victims of war, a complex human face on the backdrop of the†¦show more content†¦He also recalls an incident that hints to the future of her fears and doubts. He recalls that she was in the hospital to have her tonsils removed and she threw a fit when the operation was to begin and that â€Å"this, the most adaptable and genial of children, suddenly turned into a stone of refusal, adamant† (Ondaatje 30). Caravaggio thinks the incident an odd one, but it reflects her future fear of death. In his book, Richard Schulz, a scholar specializing in grief and the psychology of death, says that humans fear death because of the fear of not being, and that â€Å"the idea of nothingness can arouse anxiety so general that it influences our entire lives† (Schulz 20). Hana’s refusal to have her tonsils removed is not just a silly childish fear, but one that reflects her deep-rooted fear of death; it is a hint of what is to come. She will base her entire life on her fear/aversion to death after the war. When traumatic events happen to Hana, her fear of death is aroused, and it affects her deeply and psychologically. A normal twenty year old â€Å"girl†, Hana is traumatized by the death and violence she experiences as a nurse in the second World War. She is profoundly affected by the deaths of three loved ones and by the deaths of anonymous strangers who pass through her life daily. The first of these traumatic experiences is the separation from her family. Sibela Zvizdic, a Hungarian psychiatristShow MoreRelatedEssay on Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient971 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Ondaatjes The English Patient The limited character in Michael Ondaatje’s novel, The English Patient, was Almà ¡sy. Almà ¡sy was a man who was burned from head to toe, and whose identity is unrecognizable thus making him a limited character. The novel takes place in a villa where the man was being taken care of by Hana, a young nurse who stayed behind to take care of Almà ¡sy while the rest of the nurses escaped to a safer place to stay. She calls him the English patient because of his accentRead More Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient and Toni Morrisons Jazz2409 Words   |  10 PagesMichael Ondaatjes The English Patient and Toni Morrisons Jazz      Ã‚   Textual, mnemonic, and physical gaps leave room in which identity is found through body and environment in Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient and Toni Morrisons Jazz. Ondaatjes characters retrieve their absent personas by mutually colonizing lovers bodies, thus developing a metaphor for the body as topography. Morrison spins this in reverse, personifying and merging the Citys infrastructure with human structureRead MoreAlmà ¡sy, a Limited Character in the English Patient970 Words   |  4 PagesThe limited character in Michael Ondaatjes novel, The English Patient, was Almà ¡sy. Almà ¡sy was a man who was burned from head to toe, and whose identity is unrecognizable thus making him a limited character. The novel takes place in a villa where the man was being taken care of by Hana, a young nurse who stayed behind to take care of Almà ¡sy while the rest of the nurses escaped to a safer place to stay. She calls him the English patient because of his accent, though she is unaware of where he is fromRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem I A Sad Daughter By Michael Ondaatje1650 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Ondaatje uses a unique approach on how a father can communicate affectionately to his teenage daughter through the use of dramatic monologue. A dramatic monologue, otherwise known as a persona poem, is a monologue in which the character is talking to an unidentifiable listener at a dramatic moment in the speaker’s life. One of Canada’s greatly renowned authors, Ondaatje, is a native of Sri Lanka, but became a Canadian citizen as a young adult. He is well-known for his novel, â€Å"An English Patient†Read MoreAnalysis Of I A Sad Daughter By Michael Ondaatje : A Father s Confession1660 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"To A Sad Daughter† by Michael Ondaatje: A Father’s Confession Michael Ondaatje uses a unique approach on how a father can communicate affectionately to his teenage daughter through the use of dramatic monologue. A dramatic monologue, otherwise known as a persona poem, is a monologue in which the character is talking to an unidentifiable listener at a dramatic moment in the speaker’s life. One of Canada’s greatly renowned authors, Ondaatje, is a native of Sri Lanka, but became a Canadian citizenRead MoreThe Characterizations on the English Patient1652 Words   |  7 Pages In Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient, is set before World War II, critically illustrates four dissimilar characters who meet together at the Villa San Girolamo, an Italian monastery. Simultaneously, there is a groundbreaking love story happened among those four characters under that time frames. Those four main people are included, a burned Englishman Ladislaus de Almasy, a twenty-year old French-Canadian Army nurse Hana, a Sikh British Army sapper Kip, and Canadian thief DavidRead MoreMarriages: Now and Then Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pagesmis-communications and relationship problems. We once again see the inability of man and women to make themselves understood. The female character that is the lover to the English patient has picked a complex life and role, but with all of her independence she still manages to torture herself, her husband, and her lover (Ondaatje’s 1992). Does this show a better understanding of the opposite sex or just how much more complicate d life becomes with the changing of the times? Looking at the last 100Read MoreRunning in the Family3954 Words   |  16 PagesPlot Summary A Sri Lankan-born Canadian novelist and poet, Philip Michael Ondaatje, wrote Running in the Family. He is best known for writing The English Patient. But this book is not a work of fiction; instead, it is a memoir from his youth in Sri Lanka. The events happening in the book can be classified as creative non-fiction. The book is written in postmodern style, with writing from the perspective of different real-life individuals and refraining from stringing narrative together in an orderlyRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pagessequences of this period.) Sonnets were also written during the height of classical English verse, by Dryden and Pope, among others, and written again during the heyday of English Romanticism, when Wordsworth, Shelley, and particularly John Keats created wonderful sonnets. Today, the sonnet remains the most influential and important verse form in the history of English poetry. Two kinds of sonnets have been most common in English poetry, and they take their names from the greatest poets to utilize them:

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

John Lewis And The Civil Rights - 868 Words

Have you ever wanted to learn information about the Civil Rights but format of the information is dull. It seems to be that way with many subjects. However, March is unlike most other historical documents. It is about Congressman John Lewis of Georgia and how he became involved in the Civil Rights. The difference with this book is the medium chosen for the work of art. Lewis, also the author, chose to present this information as a graphic novel. He got his inspiration and idea for this from a comic he read in the 1950s. This answers as to whom the book was actually written for since what adult reads graphic novels. This novel is intended for the younger generation and to help them grasp a better idea of what really happened during the Civil Rights time period. Lewis uses childhood stories and young adult incidents to show how he was influenced into the man he is today. The novel reaches out to younger generations by creating a medium that relates to youth, involving memories relative to the audiences age, and adding in an expository view to the novel. Graphic novels have become a large seller in the book category lately. Between 2002 and 2006, comic book sales quintupled from seventy-five-million dollars to three-hundred thirty-million dollars. This is a key clue as to why Lewis chose a graphic novel as his medium. He wanted to help the younger generation understand where racial equality was founded from and the hard work and determination it took to fight forShow MoreRelatedJohn Lewis And The Civil Rights Movement1477 Words   |  6 PagesFactors That Led John Lewis to Become the Man He Is Today During the civil rights era, there were many iconic figures who created everlasting change. Although there were many individuals who did such thing, there were certain people who caused more of a major impact than others during this time in history. One of those icons were John Lewis, who teamed up with Andrew Aydin to create the March trilogy. These pieces examined John Lewis himself and his path throughout the civil rights movement. ThereRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement During The September Trilogy By John Lewis And Andrew Aydin1366 Words   |  6 Pagessections of various social media platforms today. Disagreements even happened in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. In the March trilogy by John Lewis and Andrew Aydin, you see these differences of opinion play out. March is about the story of John Lewis’ early life and later on, his involvement in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the fight for equal rights. Although the Civil Rights Mo vement resulted in desegregation, which wouldn’t have been possible without the contributionRead MoreImpact Of Nonviolence On The Civil Rights Movement912 Words   |  4 PagesNonviolence and It’s Impact on the Civil Rights Movement The success of the fight for racial equality, also known as the Civil Rights Movement, in the United States was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between the 1950s and the 1960s, civil rights activists practiced non violence in hopes to end racial segregation and discrimination across the country and worldwide. Leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., Jim Lawson, and John Lewis believed strongly in this philosophy of nonviolenceRead MoreSummary Of March : Book One And March, By John Lewis1231 Words   |  5 PagesChrist is John Lewis. In March: Book One and March: Book Two, written by John Lewis and Andrew Aydin, we can clearly see how Lewis incorporated Christianity and Gandhis ideas of peaceful protest into the civil rights movement. The books tell an eventful story of John Lewis life. As Lewis grew up, his faith strengthened and he began involving himself in the civil rights movement. He played a major role in desegregating department store lunch counters, buses, and giving voting rights to peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of Speech At The March On Washington1146 Words   |  5 Pagesdeclares John Lewis. Speeches such as this one, have the capacity to move the masses. Over the civil rights era, there have been multiple legendary speeches that were very successful in creating the change needed by the civil rights organization, however one continues to shine through. This oration was given on the March on Washington D.C. and it was dubbed â€Å"Speech At The March On Washington†, which was given by John Lewis. This lecture had a persuasive element towards it because John Lewis used logicalRead MoreAnalysis Of John Lewis s The Movement 1666 Words   |  7 PagesSegregation and civil rights movements are familiar words that reflects some of the good, bad and ugly pasts of the United States of America. Though these events had its history for many centuries, but its extension into modern times created a culture that almost truncated the am azing potentials that diversity has been destined to bring to the United States. John Lewis Memoir of the movement gave a definitive insight to this period in the American history. Congressman John Robert Lewis was the childRead MoreAnalysis Of John Lewis And Martin Luther King858 Words   |  4 Pages From John Lewis to Martin Luther King we can only thank these people for stepping out of the social and cultural norm to create change with the inspirations of religion. Even with the flaws in the church today, it still will never be the same because of the actions of these men and women who decided to let religion motivate them to act. This is a piece of history that will forever affect us and hopefully inspire us to stand up for what we believe in no matter what the opposition. The ideals of ChristianityRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. And Congressman John Lewis Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesamong historians that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Congressman John Lewis are arguably two of the most important men in the Civil Rights Movement. Both of these men, Dr. Martin Luther King, in context of his involvement with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and John Lewis, in context of his involvement with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, left indelible impacts on the trajectory and success of the civil rights movement writ-large. While it is important to recognize the collectiveRead MoreThe Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)1699 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature memorializing the Civil Rights movement, no one individual is more prominently represented than Martin Luther King Jr. . He is remembered in books, statues, and even streets bearing his name in almost every city. One historian said, â€Å"We trapped King in rom antic images†¦ frozen his legacy in worship.† King has become the martyr of the Civil Rights Movement and his legacy has thus overshadowed the legacy of the other activists and groups who helped move the Civil Rights movement forward, includingRead MoreWhite Resistance to the Civil Rights Movement Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesCivil Rights Throughout Reconstruction, southern whites felt constantly threatened by legislation providing rights for former slaves. The Civil Rights Bill of 1875 was the last rights bill passed by congress during reconstruction. It protected all Americans’ (including blacks) access to public accommodations such as trains. With the threat of complete equality constantly looming, violence toward former slaves gradually increased in the years following the Civil War. Beatings and murders

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The 19th Century American Art described Naturalism as Free Essays

The 19th Century American Art described Naturalism as: Life imitating nature and the artists of this period began focusing on â€Å"real life† situations.   Naturalism literature began to flourish after the civil war and after the most loved Romanticism and Victorian literature.   Naturalism focuses on the lower to middle class man in which he is a futile figure of a domineering universe of a hostile nature. We will write a custom essay sample on The 19th Century American Art described Naturalism as or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Some sort of struggling for the fittest and the strong and predestined are the only sure winner. The Ambrose Bierce story at Owl Creek Bridge is told by a third party narrator. For a simple reason that a man who is dead cannot narrate his own death?   It says nothing more of a man named Peyton Fahrquhar, a planter from a respected Alabama family; the author even distinguishes him as a gentleman which befits his physical appearance.   Despite of the man’s description, the person in the story seemed to die a futile death giving stress on the character of naturalism to which man is unimportant as quoted by the narrator below: †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"he   . . original secessionist   Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ devoted to the Southern cause. Circumstances of an imperious nature, which it is unnecessary to relate here, had . . . .army which had fought the disastrous campaigns †¦ (Bierce, 2004) Cynical, skeptical or mocking characteristics is vividly present along these lines, â€Å"To be hanged and drowned,† he thought, â€Å"that is not so bad; but I do not wish to be shot. No; .. not be shot; that is not fair.†(Bierce, 2004) The story dealt more on the agonizing death of a person but it was more descriptive than sentimental.   It is an unwanted way of dying and yet there is no reason to stop it. The entire theme below is focused on someone who has experienced a few moments of life before death and another few moments after dying.   His soul seemed to search and in a way could not even tell he is really dead. The story of the life of Peyton is a step by step narrative about the ironies of violent death, as if a man could account of his own dying which can be paraphrased: â€Å"To die of hanging at the bottom of a river! — the idea seemed to him ludicrous. He opened his eyes in the darkness †¦above him a gleam of light, but how inaccessible! He was still sinking, for the light became fainter †¦.mere glimmer.†(Bierce, 2004) â€Å"His neck ached horribly; his brain was on fire, his heart, – fluttering faintly, gave a great leap, trying to force itself out at his mouth. His whole body was –   wrenched with an insupportable anguish! â€Å"(Bierce) 2004. The two lines below were skillfully drawn by the author and I must say that he has expertly given the most significant characteristic to the story by defining life and imitating nature.   He uses the forest and trees, even the detail of a leaf and those that inhabits it including the morning dewdrops.   He described nature just as he describes a new life that is to be unfolding. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ the forest on the bank of the stream – trees, the leave ,, veining of each leaf — he saw the very insects †¦ noted the prismatic colors in all the dewdrops †¦million blades of grass. The –   gnats that danced..the eddies . . . the beating of the dragon flies’ wings, the strokes – water spiders’ legs, like oars which had lifted their boat — all these made audible music.†(Bierce)2004. â€Å"A fish slid along beneath his eyes and he heard the rush of its body parting the water.†(Bierce) 2004. This brief sentence above almost completed the story the author wanted to conclude, that death has come and the heavens could be so near.   As if describing that the soul came out from the eye and it moves thru the waters.   Bierce in his few words was able to describe a real life situation which is one of the most interesting characteristic of a naturalistic piecework.  Ã‚   That after life naturally comes death. â€Å"Peyton Fahrquhar was dead; his body, with a broken neck, swung gently from side †¦beneath the timbers of the Owl Creek bridge.†(Bierce) 2004. Though the whole work is a literary genius, it leaves a mark of pessimism on the part of the reader. Pessimism in the sense that the character of the story was never given a chance. He was doomed simply because of a circumstance that is beyond the control of the person being told.   There was no hope but a dream or it could be real that the character’s soul transcended only to be able to look for his love ones. Even in this scene we can see that there is a big division.   There is desire to be with someone and yet the story emphasizes more on losing. The sad part of it is for an observer to have an impression that not all prayers are answered and an urgent question that need to be asked – where is God why did he allowed such fate? REFEENCES: Bierce,   2004 A. An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 24 September 2007 from How to cite The 19th Century American Art described Naturalism as, Essay examples

Monday, May 4, 2020

Impact of CSR and Ethics in business performance †Sample Assignment

Question: Analyse the role of CSR and Ethics in business and its impact on business performance Critically appraise responsible strategies and practices adopted in the development and operation of hospitality organisations Answer: Introduction Business ethics is the moral judgment of the organizational decision about what is right and what is wrong. This is the essence of right work in the organizational environment. Organizations should follow ethical rules in business. Use of business ethics helps organizations to achieve success and to sustain their growth and development in the market. On the other hand, the impact of adhering to a set of business ethics in a company includes a number of significant benefits (Afiya 2005). The ethical business conduction sends a message to the customers that, the company from which they are buying products or services would keep their commitments and it would be considered as a trustworthy and responsible organization. On the other hand, working in a strong ethical business environment, employees also feel safe as they know they would not be subjected to any kind of unethical activities. Corporate social responsibly (CSR) are the business philosophies adopted by an organization, which indicates that, the organization is running their business ethically and responsibly. CSR policies in an organization act as the regulatory mechanism in the organization to monitor ethical standards of the organization and promote the organization to make some social welfare, which is beyond the firms interest and required by business ethical laws (Jaszay and Dunk 2006). It also helps to enhance the responsibility of the organization for its corporate action. This assignment would focus on the analysis of these two interchangeable features of some selected hospitality organizations to evaluate their role as being a responsible organization. Pyramid of CSR CSR strategies were introduced in the year of 1950, but its popularity in the practices was increased many years later. The modern concept of the CSR activities is adopted from Archie Carrolls Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (Cotterill 2007). This model is helping the business organizations to successfully conduct the CSR activities and to achieve the desired level of success. Carroll developed this pyramid in the year of 1996, but it has become the most popular model of CSR almost 20 years later of the development. This pyramid has four different levels for the different types of CSR applications. The first step is about the economic responsibilities of an organization, where the target is to be profitable. The second step is the legal responsibilities. In this step the organizations have to focus on the legislations applicable in their working (Atakan and Eker 2007). The business organizations or societies must maintain the laws in the area of the legal responsibilities. The third step of the pyramid is the ethical responsibilities. In this area, the business organizations should ensure that they are conducting their business in lawful way. The last and fourth step of the pyramid is about the philanthropic responsibilities. In this step, the organizations have to be a good corporate citizen. Important areas of focus in this step are the social, educational, recreational and cultural development of the common people (Balmer, Fukukawa and Gray 2007) Use of these CSR strategies and to understand the potential impact of the CSR strategies in the business will be understood clearly by focusing on each of the CSR strategies and the examples of some business organizations who are using these. In this purpose, the CSR activities performed by McDonalds, Subway and Nandoswill be analyzed in this report. Economic Responsibilities Within CSR activities, economic responsibilities are important one. It is the first and foremost responsibility of a company to be responsible and it should be concerned with the turning profit. Cotterill (2007) argued that, before being a good corporate citizen, a company should ensure that the business is profitable. In the case of McDonalds, it purchases over 80 million of 100 % Irish beef, which is used in the restaurants in Ireland, however, to be sustainable globally, it also export these foods to its industry across Europe (Doherty 2007). In Europe, the company uses Irish beef in all over Europe. To be economically responsible the company involves CSR activities regarding quality assurance, business ethics and social responsibility (News.mcdonalds.com 2016). McDonalds won Chamber Ireland 2010 CSR award with the suppliers under Flagship Farms program, which is recognized by the farmers supplying to McDonalds. In their environment-related CSR activities, the environment friendly supply chain of McDonalds positively affects on the immediate beneficiaries, making the company economically responsible (Paton 2007). In spite of only being responsible for the companys success, Subway also contribute to the local community in any social events, they provides sponsorships and donations to institutional events, thereby being economically independent and responsible. Subway has been conducted the original fresher/healthier campaign with F.R.E.S.H. steps initiative for rising awareness and educate communities against childhood obesity (Choi and Parsa 2006). These steps enhanced the brand image towards the customers and their overall commitment helped the company to be profitable throughout the financial year. This impacted on the community positively (Subway 2016). In Nandos commitment toward economic sustainability, it has been shown that the company has been compliance with corporate social investments. The companys social and ethics committee has been committed that, they are following all the requirements for the development of ideal franchisee background, they have adequate financial resources (Clark 2006). In Nandos programs for business management, it has been depicted that, franchisees are credit worthy and the company is taking the liability of these independent franchisees. Though the impacts of these activities are fruitful for its economic growth, the company is facing issues regarding sustainable economic growth and development. Nandos CSR commitment included the improvement of South African economic landscape and trust on Relate business model (Kallio 2007). Legal Responsibilities The legal responsibilities in the company refer to ensure that the company is following local and national laws and legislations in their business. It also makes the company legally responsible and help to build trustworthy customers. McDonalds has been facing a number of lawsuits mostly for trademark disputes (Detwiler 2005). However, the company is providing employees rights and following standards of business conduct in international market. In New York lawsuit against McDonalds has been claimed for the obesity related health issues of some childrens for which the company was claimed to be compensate. The company for longer period held the fact that, they were not responsible for the treatment of their employees in more than 14000 restaurants owned by franchisees (Kallio 2007). The legal issues and disputes made a solid impact on the company reputation. McDonalds reports in UK revealed that workers are paying fewer wages and the company has been reported to use genetically modifie d food, which are unethical practices. The impact on the company included loss of workers and decreased brand image (Doherty 2007). In the case of Subway, in the organization all the activities are done by following rules and regulations. Jones, Comfort and Hillier (2006) reported that, Subway Group maintains their complete title and intellectual property rights to their other materials. The company follows strict codes of conducts, breaching these indicates significant compensation. In the case of Nando, the branches are also owned by the franchisees and the company took their liabilities. The company has been committed to the partnership with Relate Inc, which enhanced the legal opportunities for employment creation, skills development. The legal and ethical operations of the company has been positively affected their growth (Kallio 2007). Ethical Responsibilities 1. Ethical Responsibilities As per the viewpoint of Atakan and Eker (2007), ethical responsibility of a company in business is the responsibility or the duty to follow some moral values and correct paths to carry on the business work. Therefore, it can be easily said that all the business has some ethical responsibilities towards the customers and the society as well. The company, McDonald has a clear code of ethics that largely governs the business of the company and the company is fully committed to that and follows proper implementation of the ethical codes. The code of ethics in the company focuses on the part that the restaurant heads are audited periodically by the internal and external mechanism and they are abide by the standards of business conduct. It has been observed that the code of ethics of this company is committed towards resolving any private as well as public conflict that might take place in economy, politics, social, environmental and financial stances in the operating areas of MacDonald (Jones, Comfort and Hillier 2006). It has been found that the vision of Subway is to make the restaurants along with the operations as environmentally and ethically responsible as possible. The company has always tries their best to carry on the business in such a way that leave a positive impact on the society. The core believe of the company is to use good and environmentally helpful business practices, as this tends to increase business profitability, enhance customer dining experience and most importantly help to protect the environment (Kasim 2006). One of the major ethical responsibilities of Nandos is to provide proper training to the employees of the company from the first day of joining the company. The company believes that the trained employees of the company help to serve the customers and this help to company to achieve an important position in the highly competitive market. The company has maintained a proper ethical code that all the employees in the company will respect each other in the organization to maintain a proper and healthy working environment in the company (Lane 2006). Therefore, it has been found that all the above-mentioned companies have been trying their best to maintain some basic ethical responsibilities in their business and the customers in the present day are highly influenced by the ethical responsibilities adopted by the companies (Lantos 2002). Philanthropic Responsibilities Philanthropic CSR is associated with donating funds, goods or services to other organizations or needy people. For an example, a local bank may donate fund to a school for purchasing uniforms or some other materials. The philanthropic responsibilities also include the responsibilities towards the environmental development. These CSR activities help the business organizations to develop a good brand image which helps them to achieve higher success in their business (Kasim 2006). McDonalds uses low energy LED lights, other energy saving electric equipments for saving the electricity. They use waterless urinals for saving the water. Hey have also developed rain water reserve tanks in the area of the water resource management. The cardboard boxes used by this company are recyclable and 85% of the packaging materials of the company are made from renewable resources (Lane 2006). This company invests over 360 million in the area of the agricultural industry of UK. McDonalds donates for eye care hospitals in India. They also encourage people for donating to the eye care organizations. They collect money at their store counters. According to the CSR report of the financial year 2012-2013 McDonalds conducted nutrition education programs for people in collaboration with the Alliance for a Healthier Generation. Name of his program was Clinton Global Initiative. They offer fruits, vegetables and low fat dairy products in their happy meal package in more than 95% of thei r stores (Maak 2007). Subway provides fresh food products to the customers with the high level of nutrition facilities. They focus on the safety measures while producing the food products. They also focus in the area of the energy saving, water saving and other environmental development. Subway is working for reducing the waste in the area of the philanthropic responsibilities. They encourage their franchises for contributing to their communities and for promoting the diversity and choosing the eco-friendly options for their business practices. The company is gaining the high level of popularity with their fresh food quality. They do not serve any unhealthy food to their customers (Mathisen 2006). Nandos also serves fresh foods to their customers. Providing better nutrition and freshness in their food products is their major activities in the area of the philanthropic responsibilities. In the year of 2013, the company has donated 34000 Qatar Cancer Society. The program was named as PINK campaign for supporting breast cancer. They are also engaged with the cultural activities with communities (Nandos Qatar 2015). They have sponsored Iftar for the cancer survivors in Qatar. Nandos has donated the amount of QR350000 to Reach Out To Asias campaign named as My Education, My Hope. These activities of the company are helping them for developing a good brand image and conducting more successful business by reaching close to the customers (Merchant 2005). Conclusion In the above assignment, the focus was on the ethical and social business management. The concepts of CSR and business ethics were discussed in brief. These responsibilities are linked to the company objectives and make the organization to behave as a good corporate citizen. Sometimes, the concepts of business ethics and CSRs are used in interchangeable ways. Companies attempt to be social citizens by their CSR activities. In this context, the corporate social responsibility pyramids were discussed. After analyzing this model, CSR activities of three fast food companies were discussed. Three fast food company McDonalds, Subway and Nandos CSR activities were discussed in respect to the four stages of CSR pyramid model. In this context, how these three companies are philanthropically, ethically, economically and legally responsible as a corporate social citizen were discussed. It can be interpreted that, these companies has significant brand image with responsible position in the marke t. However, the analysis found that, some legal and ethical issues were faced by both McDonalds and Subway; however, they undertook legal steps to be responsible. Reference List Afiya, A. 2005. CSR Making business sense. Caterer Hotelkeeper, 195(4392), 5. Atakan, M. G. S. Eker, T. 2007. Corporate identity of a socially responsible university: A case from the Turkish higher education sector. Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 55-68. Balmer, M. T., Fukukawa, K., Gray, E. R. 2007. The nature and management of ethical corporate identity: A commentary on corporate identity, corporate social responsibility and ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 7-15. Choi, G. Parsa, H.G. 2006. Green practices II: Measuring restaurant managers psychological attributes and their willingness to charge for the green practices, Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 9(4), 41-63. Clark, S. 2006. Corporate social responsibility: A marketing tool for major hotel brands. HSMAI Marketing Review, 23(1), 42-45. Cotterill, H. 2007. Training recruitment. Travel Trade Gazette UK Ireland, 48-48. Detwiler, M. W. 2005. Communal living. Pizza Today, 23(7), 64-65. Doherty, K. 2007. The wearing of the 'green.' Food Logistics, (93), 4-4. Jaszay, C. Dunk, P. 2006. Ethical Decision Making in the Hospitality Industry. Prentice Hall:New Jersey. Jones, P., Comfort, D., Hillier, D. 2006. Reporting and reflecting on corporate social responsibility in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(4), 329-340. Kallio, T. J. 2007. Taboos in corporate social responsibility discourse. Journal of Business Ethics, 74, 165-175. Kasim, A. 2006. The need for business environmental and social responsibility in the tourism industry. International Journal of Hospitality Tourism Administration, 7(1), 1-22. Lane, G. 2006. Taking responsibility. Leisure Management, 26(6), 40-43. Lantos, G. P. 2002. The ethicality of altruistic corporate social responsibility. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 19(2), 205. Maak, T. 2007. Responsible leadership, stakeholder engagement, and the emergence of social capital. Journal of Business Ethics, 74, 329-343. Mathisen, O. 2006. Profitability, environment, and social equity. Cruise Industry News Quarterly, 17(67), 16-20. Merchant, P. 2005. Giving back.Funworld, 21(8), 54-57. Nandos Qatar, 2015. News. [online] Available at: https://www.nandos.qa/news [Accessed 5 Jan. 2016]. News.mcdonalds.com, 2016. McDonald's Announces 2020 Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Plans. [online] Available at: https://news.mcdonalds.com/Corporate/manual-releases/2014/McDonald-s-Announces-2020-Corporate-Social-Respons [Accessed 5 Jan. 2016]. Paton, N. 2007. Giving something back.Caterer Hotelkeeper,197(4496), 46-49. Subway, EAT well GO live life, 2016. Subway, EAT well GO live life. [online] Available at: https://www.subway.com.au/About/Corporate-Social-Responsibility [Accessed 5 Jan. 2016].